Lesson guide · Lesson 9 · Grades 3–8 · 6 min

The nutrient solution

How strong plant food and water become a nutrient solution, and the safe steps to mix one.

Students will

  • Explain that a nutrient solution is water with plant food mixed all through it.
  • Put the steps for mixing a nutrient solution in order.
  • Explain why an adult handles concentrated plant food.

New words

concentrate
Plant food that is very strong. It gets mixed into lots of water before use.
nutrient-solution
Water with plant food mixed all through it.

Talk about it

What else do you mix from a recipe, where too much or too little goes wrong?

Check questions and answers

Teacher note

Concentrated plant food is for adults to measure and pour. Some of its salts can irritate skin and harm eyes, and are harmful if swallowed. If your class mixes a solution, an adult does every step that touches the concentrate, wearing gloves and eye protection. Rinse any splash on skin or eyes with plenty of water. Store concentrate in its labeled bottle, locked away from children.

Sources

  • Hart, C. Home Hydroponics (handouts). University of Illinois Extension.
  • Hoagland, D. R., and D. I. Arnon. The Water-Culture Method for Growing Plants without Soil. Circular 347. University of California College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1938.
  • Kratky, B. A. Fertilizer Stock Solutions: For Lettuce. University of Hawaii CTAHR.
  • Kratky, B. A. Three non-circulating hydroponic methods for growing lettuce. Acta Horticulturae 843: 65-72, 2009. Copy hosted by the University of Hawaii CTAHR.
  • Sánchez, E., and F. Di Gioia. Hydroponics Systems: Using the Two Basic Equations to Calculate a Nutrient Solution Recipe. Penn State Extension, 2026.
  • Sánchez, E., F. Di Gioia, R. Berghage, N. Flax, and T. Ford. Hydroponics Systems and Principles of Plant Nutrition: Essential Nutrients, Function, Deficiency, and Excess. Penn State Extension, 2026.
  • Gatiboni, L. "1. Soils & Plant Nutrients." In Moore, K. A., and L. K. Bradley, eds. North Carolina Extension Gardener Handbook, 2nd ed. NC State Extension, AG-831, 2022.
  • Hochmuth, G. J. Production Systems. Florida Greenhouse Vegetable Production Handbook, Vol 2. CV255. UF/IFAS Extension.
  • Eason, H. 'Set It and Forget It' Hydroponic Lettuce. HS1488. UF/IFAS Extension.
  • Singh, H., and B. Dunn. Electrical Conductivity and pH Guide for Hydroponics. Fact sheet HLA-6722. Oklahoma State University Extension, 2017.
  • Dunn, B. Hydroponics. Fact sheet HLA-6442. Oklahoma State University Extension, 2025.
  • National Center for Biotechnology Information. Calcium nitrate (CID 24963), GHS classification. PubChem, National Library of Medicine.
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Calcium nitrate. CAMEO Chemicals.